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Ma Shaohong
Ma Shaohong () (died May 18, 932),〔''Old History of the Five Dynasties'', vol. 43.〕 known during the reign of Emperor Zhuangzong of Later Tang (Li Cunxu) as Li Shaohong (李紹宏), was a powerful eunuch official/general during the early Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, who served Emperor Zhuangzong during his reign as emperor and, previously to that, as the Prince of Jin (Later Tang's predecessor state).
== During Jin ==
Traditional histories — including the official history ''Old History of the Five Dynasties'' and the chronicle ''Zizhi Tongjian'' — did not give details on Ma Shaohong's family origins, or how he became a eunuch serving under Li Cunxu, other than giving his original family name of Ma.〔''Old History of the Five Dynasties'', vol. 72.〕〔''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 270.〕 (The other official history of the period, the ''New History of the Five Dynasties'', did not have a biography for him at all, making only a brief condemning reference to him at the end of the biography of his colleague Zhang Juhan.〔''New History of the Five Dynasties'', vol. 38.〕) At some point during his service of Li Cunxu, he was bestowed the Tang Dynasty imperial surname of Li (which Li Cunxu's grandfather Li Guochang had also been given), and thus became known as Li Shaohong.〔
The first historical reference to Ma was in 919, when he was then serving, alongside the officer Meng Zhixiang (the husband of Li Cunxu's elder sister〔While many historical resources such as ''New History of Five Dynasties'', ''Zizhi Tongjian'' and ''The Autumn and Spring of the Ten Kingdoms'' referred Meng Zhixiang's wife as daughter of Li Cunxu's younger uncle Li Kerang, her epitaph referred her as the eldest daughter of Li Keyong and born by Empress Dowager Cao, thus she was the full eldest sister of Li Cunxu.〕), as a chief of staff (中門使, ''Zhongmenshi'') for Li Cunxu, who was then the Prince of Jin, in Li Cunxu's capacity as the military governor (''Jiedushi'') of Hedong (河東, headquartered in modern Taiyuan, Shanxi) and Tianxiong (天雄, headquartered in modern Handan, Hebei) Circuits. In 918, Li Cunxu's highly regarded general Zhou Dewei the military governor of Lulong Circuit (盧龍, headquartered in modern Beijing) had been killed in battle on Li Cunxu's campaign against Jin's archrival Later Liang. In 919, Li Cunxu briefly replaced Zhou with his cousin Li Sizhao, but soon thereafter, apparently believing that it was ill-advised to send Li Sizhao far away from his own Zhaoyi Circuit (昭義, headquartered in modern Changzhi, Shanxi), Li Cunxu personally assumed the command of Lulong, but sent Li Shaohong to Lulong to oversee the circuit in Li Sizhao's place. (Shortly after Li Shaohong's departure for Lulong, Meng resigned from the position of chief of staff, leaving Li Shaohong's and Meng's deputy Guo Chongtao as the new chief of staff.)〔 In 921, when Khitan Empire's Emperor Taizu invaded Jin to assist the Chengde Circuit (成德, headquartered in modern Shijiazhuang, Hebei) rebels led by Zhang Chujin, it was Li Shaohong who defended Lulong's capital You Prefecture (幽州) against the Khitan attack.〔''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 271.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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